The 20th century saw a remarkable change in warfare, not simply in the use of technology, but in the tragic effects of war on civilian populations. This program contains remarkable footage of the Blitz of London, atrocities committed by the Nazis, the Spanish Civil War, the Vietnam War, and the problems of refugees—from the tragic psychological effects on people who lost their families and homes, to what role the rest of the world should play in helping. Among those appearing in the program is Lord Shawcross, chief British prosecutor at the Nuremberg war crimes trials, who explains the significance of the trials. (49 minutes)