During the Middle Ages, most of Europe’s inhabitants were illiterate and lived in the shadow of the wealthy; knowledge of peasant culture is therefore limited. This program addresses the historical lack of firsthand written materials, viewing serfs and servants through the eyewitness accounts of a fictitious traveler. Although a peasant farmer’s daily existence was indeed oppressive, defined by taxation and compulsory military service to the ruling noble, the program details innovations of the era—including the horse-drawn iron plough and the three-field planting system—amounting to an agricultural revolution that set the stage for a heavily populated, modern Europe. Portions are in other languages with English subtitles. (53 minutes)